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\title{Домашние задания по английскому языку}
\author{Давыдов Даниил, ИУ2-61}
\date{}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\section*{1. Пересказ на тему (билет 1)}
\textbf{Тема:} Gyroscopes Principle Operation

Пересказ на листе А4 (можно использовать любую подходящую информацию, включая материалы занятий и учебников).

\section*{2. Пересказ абзаца (A1, абзац 1B)}
Пересказать абзац 1B из текста A1 (тот, что давался на занятии).

\section*{3. Разбор предложений с -ing формами (Ex 8)}

\begin{enumerate}
    \item \textit{The path difference arises in the presence of an applied turn rate about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing the light path.}
    
    Перевод: Разность путей возникает при наличии приложенной скорости поворота вокруг оси, перпендикулярной плоскости, содержащей световой луч.
    
    Анализ: containing — present participle, определяет ``the plane''.

    \item \textit{One method of overcoming spurious coherent effect, including scattering within the fibre, is to use a low coherence source.}
    
    Перевод: Один из методов преодоления ложного когерентного эффекта, включая рассеяние внутри волокна, заключается в использовании источника с низкой когерентностью.
    
    Анализ: overcoming — gerund (в составе ``of overcoming''). including — participle (уточняет ``spurious coherent effect'').

    \item \textit{This is based on the loss of synchronization between a clock travelling on a rotating reference frame compared with one on a stationary reference frame.}
    
    Перевод: Это основано на утрате синхронизации между часами, движущимися в системе отсчёта, вращающейся, по сравнению с часами в неподвижной системе отсчёта.
    
    Анализ: travelling — participle, определяет ``a clock''.

    \item \textit{The various optical sensors described below rely on generating a path difference in an interferometer.}
    
    Перевод: Различные оптические датчики, описанные ниже, основываются на создании разности путей в интерферометре.
    
    Анализ: generating — gerund, объект после ``on''.

    \item \textit{Temperature changes result in variation of the refractive index of the optical fibre leading to changes in the modulation.}
    
    Перевод: Изменения температуры приводят к изменению показателя преломления оптического волокна, что влечёт за собой изменения в модуляции.
    
    Анализ: leading — participle, определяет ``variation''.

    \item \textit{By sending ordinary light, through evacuated water pipes, they were able to detect the shift produced by the rotation of the Earth.}
    
    Перевод: Посылая обычный свет через вакуумные водопроводы, они смогли обнаружить смещение, вызванное вращением Земли.
    
    Анализ: sending — gerund, выражает способ (by ...).

    \item \textit{Aronowitz gives a more rigorous equation for the difference in closed path transit time for counter-propagating light beams on a rotating frame.}
    
    Перевод: Ароновиц предлагает более строгую формулу для разницы во времени прохождения замкнутого пути для световых пучков, распространяющихся в противоположных направлениях, на вращающейся системе отсчёта.
    
    Анализ: counter-propagating — participle, определяет ``light beams''.

    \item \textit{When using polarized light fibre optic gyroscopes technology produces optical signal amplitudes and, thus, high accuracies.}
    
    Перевод: При использовании поляризованного света технология волоконно-оптических гироскопов создаёт оптические сигнальные амплитуды и, таким образом, обеспечивает высокую точность.
    
    Анализ: using — participle, обстоятельство условия.

    \item \textit{The rotation sensor may include means for providing an optical signal to the first polarization maintaining optical fibre.}
    
    Перевод: Датчик вращения может включать средства для передачи оптического сигнала в первое оптическое волокно, поддерживающее поляризацию.
    
    Анализ: providing — gerund, цель (for providing). maintaining — participle, определяет ``optical fibre''.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{4. Упражнения из учебника}

\subsection*{Ex 1 (Conditional Mood, стр. 27)}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item But for his illness, he would have passed the exams successfully.
    \item But for the accident, she would have come and helped me.
    \item But for her, I wouldn’t have managed the task.
    \item But for her difficult character, there wouldn’t have been such problems with her.
    \item But for her lack of language knowledge, it would be difficult for her to work at such a company.
    \item I would have gone to the countryside but for the rainy weather.
    \item I would have left already but for her call.
    \item But for his support, I wouldn’t have been able to overcome all the difficulties.
    \item But for her headache, would she have gone to that party?
    \item But for his financial problems, he would have gone abroad for a vacation.
    \item But for her suspicions, I would have agreed to deal with him.
    \item But for the good doctor, I wouldn’t have recovered so quickly.
    \item But for his letter, I wouldn’t know what to do.
    \item But for her beautiful blue dress, he wouldn’t have paid attention to her.
    \item I would have acted differently but for the circumstances.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection*{Ex 8 (стр. 32)}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item He didn’t watch this match on TV, otherwise, he would know the score.
    \item She doesn’t know the exact address; otherwise, it would be easy for her to find the house.
    \item She doesn’t know about his arrival; otherwise, she wouldn’t have said that.
    \item Pavel is working today; otherwise, he would have helped us.
    \item The boy crossed the street in the wrong place; otherwise, he wouldn’t have been hit by a car.
    \item The door wasn’t locked; otherwise, no one would have entered the house.
    \item He doesn’t have enough money; otherwise, he would have had lunch in a restaurant.
    \item This book is interesting; otherwise, he wouldn’t read it.
    \item The meeting was successful; otherwise, we wouldn’t have come home so early.
    \item The young man looked quite strange; otherwise, no one would have laughed at him.
    \item I am tired; otherwise, I would have dug up the remaining part of the garden.
    \item He didn’t solve the crossword puzzle; otherwise, he would have won a large sum of money.
    \item Misha doesn’t communicate with Anya; otherwise, he would know where she is now.
    \item The girl didn’t wash the dishes; otherwise, her mother wouldn’t be scolded her.
    \item He was late; otherwise, he would have completed the task entirely.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection*{Ex 10 (стр. 34)}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item If you wanted to go to Italy, we would take you with us.
    \item If you wanted to buy a new dress, we would go to the store tomorrow.
    \item If you wanted to be alone, we would go to grandma’s.
    \item If you wanted to plant flowers, we would help you.
    \item If you wanted to write a textbook, I would advise you on how to do it.
    \item If my son wanted to call her, I wouldn’t interfere.
    \item If she wanted to lose weight, she would follow a diet.
    \item If they wanted to go with us, they would have informed us in advance.
    \item If the teacher wanted to ask Misha, he would call him to the board.
    \item If you wanted to learn to swim, you would go to the sea.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection*{Ex 1, 2 (стр. 36), Ex 3 (стр. 37)}

\textbf{Ex 1}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item If only you had written to us!
    \item If only he had kept quiet!
    \item If only you had called and wished her a happy birthday!
    \item Oh, if only he hadn’t proposed to her! Everything could have been different.
    \item If only I hadn’t started the renovation back then!
    \item If only she hadn’t interfered in the conversation!
    \item If only she had retired! She would be fully provided for now.
    \item Oh, if only he had been more attentive! He wouldn’t have gotten into an accident.
    \item Oh, if only she weren’t so overconfident!
    \item Oh, if only you practiced regularly!
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Ex 2}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item I would prefer to fight to the very end.
    \item I would prefer to set the table myself.
    \item She would rather go for a walk.
    \item He would have preferred not to tell anyone about it back then.
    \item They would rather have fun at home than in this cheap restaurant.
    \item My sister would have preferred not to interfere in my conversation with my mother yesterday.
    \item He would rather correct his mistakes himself.
    \item She would prefer to publish her article in a newspaper.
    \item They would prefer to remain unnoticed.
    \item He would rather have had lunch at home yesterday than in the school cafeteria.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Ex 3}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item It’s better to cook fish. Meat is already boring.
    \item You’d better not wear a green hat with that blue coat.
    \item It’s better to travel by train than by plane. It’s safer.
    \item He’d better consult a doctor before taking this medicine.
    \item You’d better paint the house green.
    \item She’d better not participate in the competition. She won’t achieve good results.
    \item You’d better inform them about the meeting in advance.
    \item They’d better stay at home in such weather.
    \item You’d better not make jokes about him. He might get offended.
    \item You’d better not take risks. Leave tomorrow morning.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{5. Пересказ текста 2B, упражнения 9, 10 из учебника}

Пересказ текста 2B и выполнение упражнений 9, 10 из учебника.

\section*{6. Четвёртое, пятое на стр. 38; седьмое на стр. 39}

Выполнить упражнения 4, 5 на стр. 38 и 7 на стр. 39.

\section*{7. Четвёртое по модели на стр. 16}

\section*{8. Переводы предложений по моделям}

\textbf{Model 2 (стр. 16, №4)}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item It's about time we invited him over.
    \item It's about time you found a good job.
    \item It's about time they implemented this plan.
    \item He should have stopped arguing with her long ago.
    \item She should have taken care of her parents long ago.
    \item He should have started renovating the apartment long ago.
    \item It's about time you thought about your future.
    \item You should have thought about your health long ago.
    \item It's about time you stopped being angry with him. After all, he's not to blame.
    \item It's about time you gained some experience in this matter.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Model 3 (стр. 16, №5, "I wish" sentences)}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item I wish summer would come.
    \item I wish youth could be returned.
    \item I wish I had forgiven him.
    \item I wish you hadn’t changed your hairstyle. He didn’t like it.
    \item I wish you had watched that concert. There were many interesting performances.
    \item I wish I could stay here for another week, but I have to get back to work next Monday.
    \item I wish she went swimming. It’s good for her health.
    \item I wish you were preparing for this evening in advance.
    \item I wish I had agreed to that proposal.
    \item I wish the TV hadn’t broken --- now I can’t watch my favorite show.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{9. Ex 7: as if / as though}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item She behaved as if nothing had happened.
    \item Mike didn’t want to interfere in their affairs, as if it didn’t concern him.
    \item He laughed as if I had said something funny.
    \item He walked, staggering, as if he had drunk too much.
    \item He spoke to me as if I were the one to blame for everything.
    \item The boys were now so friendly, as if they had never quarreled.
    \item She had such an appetite, as if she hadn’t eaten for a long time.
    \item She hid as if she didn’t want me to notice her.
    \item She was wearing an old dress, as if she had nothing else to put on.
    \item Father behaved as if he still hadn’t calmed down after yesterday’s conflict at work.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{10. Ex 9, 10 по модели 4 (стр. 17)}

\textbf{№9 — "I'd rather..."}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item I'd rather you didn't wear those white shoes with the blue dress.
    \item He'd rather we didn't fly in this weather.
    \item Nina would rather her mother didn't remind her of that story anymore.
    \item They'd rather they had been informed about the meeting in advance.
    \item Mom would rather she hadn't been disturbed yesterday.
    \item The teacher would rather the students came to the meeting on time.
    \item The son would rather his parents didn't interfere in his affairs.
    \item Would you rather I planted tulips near the house?
    \item I'd rather you didn't eat so much ice cream.
    \item Would you rather I had had lunch in the canteen yesterday?
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{№10 — "as if/as though"}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item He looked as if he had run several kilometers without stopping.
    \item She looked as though she suspected nothing.
    \item It seemed to her as if he would forget everything and return.
    \item It seemed as though she had been expecting our arrival.
    \item The weather looked as if it would change.
    \item It was not as if I had guessed she had divorced her husband.
    \item He looked as if he were thirty years old.
    \item ``It was not as if I had known my son had been skipping classes,'' the mother said to the teacher.
    \item It seemed to him as though it were a dream.
    \item It looks as if they had changed their minds.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{11. 1, 2 на стр. 43}

\textbf{Exercise 1}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item God forbid!
    \item Suffice it to say that he returned soon.
    \item To hell with good manners.
    \item Be that as it may\dots
    \item May our meeting be a happy one.
    \item May he be generous, wise, and brave.
    \item May the forces of peace flourish.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Exercise 2}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item It is necessary that you inform us of your decision.
    \item It was decided that we spend our vacation together.
    \item It is important that we confirm this decision.
    \item It is required that everyone observe the traffic rules.
    \item It is desirable that you take my remark into account.
    \item Why don’t you demand that your rights be explained to you?
    \item She will arrange everything so that we no longer have anything to worry about.
    \item The teacher insists that the exercises be done in writing.
    \item Didn’t he suggest that we take part in this competition?
    \item The battalion commander ordered that we take the enemy alive.
    \item Her wish was that the children not talk back to the adults.
    \item His rule was that he be obeyed in the family.
    \item His only request was that the parents be informed that he was alive.
    \item The manager’s demand was that we take part in the conference.
    \item Her suggestion was that we consider all the possible ways to implement this plan.
    \item Tom’s wish that we ensure his future was quite reasonable.
    \item The organization of this process, according to the adopted plan, raised no doubts.
    \item The workers’ demand that they be paid on time was justified.
    \item I don’t like your suggestion that we pay in advance without seeing the results of the work.
    \item Your order that we come to work on time seems quite clear.
    \item I will inform him of my decision so that he doesn’t doubt it.
    \item The son lied to his mother so that she wouldn’t find out he was ill.
    \item She studies every day so as not to fail the exams.
    \item He slept for a long time so he wouldn’t look tired at the wedding.
    \item The owner went to the shop and tied the dog to the tree so that she wouldn’t run away.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{12. Переводы/переформулировки научных предложений (гироскопы, сенсоры и пр.)}

\textbf{Вариант 1:}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item As a small single coil is unlikely to provide sufficient sensitivity, it is necessary to use multiple turns. \\
    \textit{Поскольку маленькое одиночное катушке вряд ли обеспечит достаточную чувствительность, необходимо использовать несколько витков.}
    \item Micromechanical sensors and improved fiber-optic gyros are expected to replace many of the current systems that utilize laser gyroscopes or mechanical sensors. \\
    \textit{Ожидается, что микромеханические датчики и усовершенствованные волоконно-оптические гироскопы заменят многие из существующих систем, использующих лазерные гироскопы или механические датчики.}
    \item Three physical characteristics of any gyroscope are known to cause its spin axis to drift, independently of the general relativity precession predicted by Einstein’s theory. \\
    \textit{Известно, что три физических характеристики любого гироскопа могут привести к дрейфу его оси вращения, независимо от прецессии общей теории относительности, предсказанной теорией Эйнштейна.}
    \item They appear to be fixed in their position and thus are considered to provide an ideal, stable reference point for measuring gyroscope drift. \\
    \textit{Они, похоже, зафиксированы в своем положении и, таким образом, могут обеспечить идеальную стабильную опорную точку для измерения дрейфа гироскопа.}
    \item The geodetic effect is expected to cause the spin axis orientation of a gyroscope orbiting the Earth in a polar orbit to change by a tiny angle of 6.6 arcseconds in a year. \\
    \textit{Ожидается, что геодезический эффект приведет к изменению ориентации оси вращения гироскопа, вращающегося вокруг Земли в полярной орбите, на небольшой угол в 6,6 угловых секунд за год.}
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Вариант 2 (шире):}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item Frame dragging predicts that massive celestial bodies will drag their local spacetime around with them as they rotate. \\
    \textit{Притяжение материи предсказывает, что массивные небесные тела будут вытягивать свое локальное пространство-время вокруг себя во время вращения.}
    \item We know that the birefringence depends on the bend radius at any point along the spiraled fiber. \\
    \textit{Мы знаем, что биение зависит от радиуса изгиба в любой точке спирального волокна.}
    \item Three physical characteristics of any gyroscope are known to cause its spin axis to drift, independently of the precession predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity. \\
    \textit{Известно, что три физических характеристики любого гироскопа могут вызывать дрейф его оси вращения, независимо от прецессии, предсказанной теорией относительности Эйнштейна.}
    \item They appear to be fixed in their position, and thus they would provide an ideal, stable reference point for measuring gyroscope drift. \\
    \textit{Они, похоже, зафиксированы в своем положении и, таким образом, могут обеспечить идеальную стабильную опорную точку для измерения дрейфа гироскопа.}
    \item The geodetic effect is expected to cause the spin axis orientation of a gyroscope, orbiting the Earth in a polar orbit, to change by a tiny angle of 6.6 arcseconds in a year. \\
    \textit{Ожидается, что геодезический эффект приведет к изменению ориентации оси вращения гироскопа, вращающегося вокруг Земли по полярной орбите, на небольшой угол в 6,6 угловых секунд за год.}
    \item It is predicted that frame dragging will occur around massive celestial bodies as they rotate. \\
    \textit{Предсказывается, что притяжение материи будет происходить вокруг массивных небесных тел во время их вращения.}
    \item This navigation-grade gyro is expected to have the cost of the coil as the most dominant expense in the gyro. \\
    \textit{Ожидается, что у гироскопа навигационного класса стоимость катушки будет самым значительным расходом.}
    \item These new applications are likely to require large numbers of low-cost inertial sensors (e.g., guided artillery shells). \\
    \textit{Ожидается, что эти новые приложения потребуют большого количества недорогих инерциальных датчиков (например, управляемых артиллерийских снарядов).}
    \item The interferometric fiber-optic gyro seems to be the size driver due to the optical fiber coil. \\
    \textit{Интерферометрический волоконно-оптический гироскоп, похоже, определяет размеры устройства из-за оптической волокнистой катушки.}
    \item This sensor is considered to be more sensitive than the fiber gyroscope, possibly by a factor of 3. \\
    \textit{Этот сенсор считается более чувствительным, чем волоконный гироскоп, возможно, в три раза.}
\end{enumerate}

\section*{13. +10 упражнение из учебника (выбрать вопрос и написать про него)}

\section*{14. Сложноподчинённые предложения на should, might и др.}
\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.5ex]
    \item It’s strange that he should have been appointed to this position.
    \item It’s clear that they got divorced. They never loved each other.
    \item It is quite natural that he should have disagreed with his partner. It was an ill-considered decision.
    \item It’s a pity that you shouldn’t maintain a relationship with him.
    \item It’s curious that he should have called her on the same day.
    \item Do you think he should enter this university?
    \item I think it’s necessary that you should take care of your parents.
    \item She feels it would be better not to deal with such people.
    \item The mother considers it important that her daughter should not only get married but also receive a higher education.
    \item She considers it desirable that he should be rewarded for such good work.
    \item I find it strange that you should have worn that dress to the conference.
    \item I think it would be nice if we should celebrate your birthday at home.
    \item He finds it natural that she should have made such a decision.
    \item Students find it reasonable that the teacher should give so many exercises.
    \item I find it doubtful that he should change.
    \item I’m surprised that you shouldn’t know the works of this writer.
    \item The mother is glad that her daughter should have graduated from the university with honors.
    \item I’m sorry that you should have made so many mistakes, since you are doing well.
    \item I’m glad that you are in a good mood today.
    \item It’s a pity that he should have fallen ill. He won’t come to our party.
    \item I’m afraid we might have lost our way.
    \item She’s worried that it’s already 10 p.m., and her son hasn’t come back from work yet.
    \item They are afraid that the electricity might be cut off because of repair work in the house.
    \item The child is afraid that he might be left home alone because his parents will go to work, and his grandmother is ill and won’t be able to come.
    \item I’m glad that after all those failures everything should have ended well.
    \item If you happen to visit Egypt, be sure to dive and enjoy the corals --- they’re so beautiful.
    \item If you should happen to catch him, give him my regards.
    \item If it turns out that he’s deceiving us, I won’t speak to him.
    \item If he should be late, I’ll give the report instead of him.
    \item If you should forget about my request, I’ll come myself.
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}
